Fixed assets (fixed assets) not only is the tool production service – business but also the factors a direct impact on costs, profits, especially tax obligations. Asset depreciation is a permit allocation system original price fixed assets at cost,spreadsheets, depreciation is the accounting documents important to do that legally and transparently.
However, in fact, a lot of businesses set up wrong amortization table, not have a clear legal provisions, or apply the formula incorrectly, leading to risks of tax audit. Therefore, the establishment spreadsheet depreciation of fixed assets standard circular 45/2013/TT-BTC, circular no. 200/2014/TT-BTC is mandatory – not only for compliance but also help business active asset management, the cost in an optimal way.
This article will help you to fully understand the concept, method, regulation, legal form table-standard – in accordance with current regulations, with detailed instructions for business can practical application right into the accounting system of their own.
1. Spreadsheet depreciation of fixed assets is what?
The concept of standard circular 45
According to circular no. 45/2013/TT-BTC, spreadsheets, depreciation is evidence from internal accounting used to determine the amount of depreciation fixed assets are recorded in cost of production and business in the states.
In other words, this is the allocation of fixed assets in each accounting period according to the method, time use helpful was selected businesses.
Mandatory content in the spreadsheet amortization
A spreadsheet depreciation of fixed assets valid need a minimum the following information:
- The property code, the property name.
- Date of putting into use.
- Original price property (as determined under Article 4 TT45).
- Use time useful (according to annex I – TT45).
- Depreciation method applied.
- The depreciation of the month/year.
- Value accumulated depreciation.
- The residual value of the property.
Distinguish spreadsheet – table bookkeeping
- Spreadsheet depreciation: internal tool to confirm the cost of depreciation.
- Window fixed assets – ledger: is set in the correct form, noting every fluctuations property (buy, transfer, liquidation).
The correct combination of spreadsheets, accounting help ensure transparency of data, risk control, tax, accounting and property.
Read more:
2. Spreadsheet templates depreciation of fixed assets according to the latest standard circular 45
Information in the table
According to appendix no. 03 issued together with circular 45/2013/TT-BTC, spreadsheet templates for depreciation of fixed assets to ensure the full information below:
| STT | Name fixed assets | Code fixed assets | Date of putting into use | Original price (USD) | Duration of use (years) | Depreciation method | Depreciation year ago | Depreciation this | Accumulated depreciation | Residual value |
Tip when setting the table:
- Use the function IF, SUM, VLOOKUP to create dynamic table in years.
- Should create a sheet for each year to easy-to-follow, storage.
Download free sample Excel sheet standard circular 45
Suggested use:
- Every assets is a line, every year create a sheet to track depreciation.
- Use color to distinguish fixed assets bought new, has liquidated or all of depreciation.
- Can be integrated into accounting software if using AccNet, MISA, Fast,...
3. How to create a spreadsheet depreciation of fixed assets in accordance with the accounting
To ensure depreciation is recognized legally, synchronized with books business should adhere process 6 steps:
Step 1: Determine property eligibility recorded as fixed assets
Legal grounds: Article 3 – circular 45/2013/TT-BTC. Business just is depreciation for property fully satisfy 3 conditions:
- Certainly obtained economic benefit in the future from the use of the property.
- The duration of use from 1 year and above.
- Original price from 30 million or more.
Examples are recorded as fixed assets: Photocopy machine, production line, truck, software copyright (fixed assets intangible). Not recorded: Office desk chairs under 30 million, tools and supplies allocated 1 times.
Step 2: determine the Exact cause property price
Legal grounds: Article 4 – circular 45/2013/TT-BTC. Original price is the total actual cost business dropped off to put the property into a state ready to use. Custom form property, specifying the original price will be different:
| Origin property | Original price includes |
| Buy outdoor | Purchase price + tax is not deductible + shipping + installation + trials + the cost related |
| Build/production | Price realistic + the cost of installation |
| Be donated | Fair value at the time of receipt + costs related to putting into use |
Hint Excel: You should have a column to calculate the total cost based on the item details to ensure transparency when audit.
Step 3: choose the recorded depreciation method
Legal grounds: Article 13 – circular 45/2013/TT-BTC. Businesses have to choose one of three methods permitted by law:
- Straight line depreciation (common, easy to apply).
- Depreciated according to the declining balance adjustable (for property quick wear and tear).
- Depreciation according to the number of products/service (for machinery manufacturing).
Note: once selected methods for any property must be applied throughout the lifecycle of the assets, unless they are approved by the regulator valid.
Step 4: Determine the duration using useful
Legal grounds: appendix I – circular 45/2013/TT-BTC
- Duration of use prescribed available according to each type of property.
- For example:
- Desktop computer: 3-5 years
- Cars under 9 place: 6-10 years
- Factory structural reinforced concrete: 20-25 years
Business't be arbitrarily shorten the time used to increase the depreciation, unless technical documents prove (memorandum of inspection, the conclusion of the manufacturer...).
Step 5: Set up your spreadsheet depreciation of fixed assets according to the standard sample
Legal grounds: Form no. 03 – appendix circular 45/2013/TT-BTC. Content should be in the table:
- Property name – property Code
- Original price – Date of putting into use
- Depreciation method
- Duration of use (years/months)
- Depreciation this – Accumulated depreciation – residual value
Done on Excel or accounting software:
- Use fixed formula to automatically calculate according to the selected method.
- Recommendations: create 1 file separately by year, or create a dashboard to track general fixed assets the company.
Step 6: bookkeeping, check periodically
Legal grounds: circular 200/2014/TT-BTC System account. Accounting recorded depreciation periodically:
- Debt TK 627 / 641 / 642 (the Cost of production, sales, management)
- Have TK 214 (wear and tear of fixed assets)
After each quarter/year:
- Check the correctness of residual value.
- Updates if there are fluctuations, such as: assets liquidation, failure, internal transfer.
- Collated with the audit or internal test to detect deviations.
Read more: Performance using short-term assets reflect profitability
4. Legal grounds to set up a spreadsheet depreciation of fixed assets
Table setting depreciation requires not only the enterprise but also the obligation to comply with the law. Here are the legal documents precisely adjust the depreciation of fixed assets which accounting business imperative to understand:
Circular 45/2013/TT-BTC – based legal origins of management, depreciation of fixed assets
- Issued date 25/04/2013 effect from 10/06/2013.
- Specified:
- Conditions recorded fixed assets (Article 3).
- Principles determine the original price fixed assets (Article 4).
- Use time useful by category (appendix I).
- The method of depreciation is allowed to apply (Articles 13-16).
- Form management, amortization table (appendix – Chart no. 03).
Remember: Business required selection of a depreciation method for each property at the time of initial recognition, to uniformly throughout the life of the property (unless there is reason to change valid).
Circular no. 200/2014/TT-BTC – About the system accounts accounting
- Detailed instructions accounting profession related to fixed assets:
- TK 211: Original price fixed assets tangible.
- TK 213: fixed assets invisible.
- TK 214: the wear and tear of fixed assets (reduced value).
- The expense account used depreciation: TK 627 (production costs general), TK 641 (cost of sales), TK 642 (cost management business).
- Connection data from the spreadsheet depreciation of fixed assets → ledger → financial statements.
Circular 28/2021/TT-BTC – time Updates using a number of group assets
- Adjust time using the useful of several groups of a particular asset such as machinery and equipment, industrial IT systems.
- Businesses should look to avoid applying the wrong time depreciation.
The law on corporate INCOME Tax, circular 96/2015/TT-BTC
- Article 4, circular 96: depreciation of fixed assets prescribed is deductible expenses when calculating corporate INCOME tax.
- If the business depreciation wrong time, wrong original price, or not enough, property records → depreciation account that is excluded from the cost of valid → increase the tax payable.
The tabulated depreciation of fixed assets standards not only protect the rights tax of the business, but also help to increase reliability with audit, shareholders, investors.
5. Common mistakes when setting up amortization tables and how to fix
| Common errors | Consequence | How to fix |
| Pressure wrong time use | The wrong value, depreciation is cost type | Lookup the correct appendix I of the circular 45 |
| No updates fluctuations property | Depreciation wrong reality | Updates liquidation, transfer promptly |
| Wrong formula calculator Excel | Data not correct | Used jaw fixed, check the link |
| Irrespective of fixed assets tangible – intangible | Recorded wrong TK | Write right: 211 (tangible), 213 (invisible) |
6. Should set up a spreadsheet depreciation of fixed assets using Excel or accounting software?
| Criteria | Excel craft | Accounting software |
| Calculate | Crafts, easy wrong formula | Automatically 100% accurate |
| Updates fluctuations | Must make back the new | Auto adjust |
| Error checking | Difficult to detect error | There are warning system |
| Suitable DN do? | DN, little property | DN small, medium and large, many fixed assets |
Recommendations: enterprises With over 10 fixed assets, the use of accounting software assets such as AccNet Asset, MISA AMIS fixed assets, FAST will help save time, increase accuracy, service audit and quick.
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Establishment spreadsheet depreciation of fixed assets the task is not possible in the system of modern accounting. A spreadsheet standards will:
- Ensure depreciation is accepted as subject to CIT.
- Transparent bookkeeping service, auditing convenient.
- Optimize asset management, decision making/alternative investment more effective.
Don't wait until the audit “tweed horn” – take action now:
- Download template table Excel depreciation standard circular 45.
- Sign up experience demo accounting software assets AccNet Asset – help you automatically depreciation, keep track of the entire asset life cycle. Just an amortization table properly – you have saved hundreds of millions of tax dollars each year. Contact now AT THIS!
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