If your business was still confused and have difficulty in choosing the how to calculate depreciation of fixed assets. Stay tuned't miss this article Accnet will help you untangle in the choice of method performed best.
1. Depreciation of fixed assets is what?
Before going into the problems of the how to calculate depreciation of fixed assetswe need to know and grasp the concept first.
1.1 fixed Assets, what is?
Fixed assets is all the valuable asset of the business. The property had time to use, rotation or withdrawn on 1 year. Or on 1 the business cycle of the business if greater than or equal to 1 year.
In article 2 of circular no. 45/2013/TT-BTC, then the fixed assets will include:
- Fixed assets (fixed assets) tangible: are the tools, materials, labour have physical forms, meet the requirements of fixed assets tangible. Participate in the activities, the business cycle, but still keep the original state. Such as: homes, furniture, machinery, vehicles and transport equipment....
- Fixed assets intangible is the property does not have physical forms, is shown to be the value of the investment agreement goals requires intangible assets. Becoming more involved in the activities the business cycle. Such as:intellectual property rights, copyrights, rights to the picture or by invention patents,...
1.2 depreciation of fixed assets is what?
Depreciation of fixed assets is the revaluation of the fixed assets of the enterprise after a period of time have used the property. The implementation of depreciation causes is due to the value of the property will gradually due to wear and tear, obsolescence due to the progress of technology.
The value of depreciation of fixed assets is calculated on the cost of business throughout the period of use of that property.
1.3 Duration depreciation of fixed assets
|
The category groups of fixed assets |
Duration depreciation minimal (years) |
Duration depreciation maximum (years) |
A – machinery and equipment motivation |
|
|
| 1. Generator dynamics |
8 |
15 |
| 2. Generator, hydroelectric power, thermal power, wind power, gas mixture. |
7 |
20 |
| 3. Transformers and power source devices |
7 |
15 |
| 4. Machinery, equipment and other motivation |
6 |
15 |
| B – machinery and equipment work |
|
|
| 1. Machine tools |
7 |
15 |
| 2. Machinery and equipment used in mining industry |
5 |
15 |
| 3. Tractor |
6 |
15 |
| 4. Machines for agriculture and forestry |
6 |
15 |
| 5. Water pump and gasoline |
6 |
15 |
| 6. Equipment, metallurgy, machining, surface anti-rust and corrosion of metal |
7 |
15 |
| 7. Specialized equipment to produce kinds of chemical |
6 |
15 |
| 8. Machinery and equipment used in the production of building materials, crockery, glass |
10 |
20 |
| 9. Equipment specialized production of components and electronic, optical, mechanical accuracy |
5 |
15 |
| 10. Machinery and equipment used in the manufacturing industry, leather printing, stationery and cultural products |
7 |
15 |
| 11. Machinery and equipment used in textile industry |
10 |
15 |
| 12. Machinery and equipment used in the garment industry |
5 |
10 |
| 13. Machinery and equipment used in the paper industry |
5 |
15 |
| 14. Machinery and equipment manufacturing, food processing, food |
7 |
15 |
| 15. Machinery, electrical equipment, photo, medical |
6 |
15 |
| 16. Machinery, telecommunications equipment, information, electronics, informatics and tv |
3 |
15 |
| 17. Machinery, equipment, pharmaceutical production |
6 |
10 |
| 18. Machinery, equipment and other work |
5 |
12 |
| 19. Machinery and equipment used in the petrochemical |
10 |
20 |
| 20. Machinery and equipment used in exploration and exploitation of oil and gas. |
7 |
10 |
| 21. Machinery construction equipment |
8 |
15 |
| 22. Crane |
10 |
20 |
| C – tools, work measurement, experiment |
|
|
| 1. Measuring equipment, testing of the mechanical energy, and heat school |
5 |
10 |
| 2. Equipment optics and spectroscopy |
6 |
10 |
| 3. Equipment electrical and electronic |
5 |
10 |
| 4. Equipment measurement and analysis of physical and chemical |
6 |
10 |
| 5. Devices and instruments for measuring radiation |
6 |
10 |
| 6. Specialized equipment special |
5 |
10 |
| 7. The measuring equipment, lab other |
6 |
10 |
| 8. Mould used in the foundry industry |
2 |
5 |
| D – Equipment and means of transport |
|
|
| 1. Means of road transport |
6 |
10 |
| 2. Means of transport, rail |
7 |
15 |
| 3. Means of transport waterways |
7 |
15 |
| 4. Means of transport not |
8 |
20 |
| 5. Equipment transport pipe |
10 |
30 |
| 6. Vehicle loading and unloading, forklift |
6 |
10 |
| 7. Equipment and other means of transport |
6 |
10 |
| E – management tools |
|
|
| 1. Computing device, measuring |
5 |
8 |
| 2. Machinery, equipment, information, electronics and computer software service management |
3 |
8 |
| 3. Means and instrument management other |
5 |
10 |
| G – House door, architectural |
|
|
| 1. House type solidly. |
25 |
50 |
| 2. The break between shifts, the cafeteria between ca, toilet, changing garages... |
6 |
25 |
| 3. The other door. |
6 |
25 |
| 4. Warehouse containers; bridges, roads, airport runways; park, deck... |
5 |
20 |
| 5. Embankment, dam, drain, channel, ditch, gutter. |
6 |
30 |
| 6. Harbour, dock slopes da... |
10 |
40 |
| 7. The other architectural objects |
5 |
10 |
| H – animal, the perennial garden |
|
|
| 1. The kinds of animals |
4 |
15 |
| 2. Garden industrial plants, garden, fruit trees, perennial gardens. |
6 |
40 |
| 3. Carpet grass, carpet green. |
2 |
8 |
| I – The type of fixed assets other tangible not specified in the group on. |
4 |
25 |
| K – fixed Assets other intangible. |
2 |
20 |
Duration depreciation of fixed assets according to circular no. 45/2013/TT-BTC for each type of fixed assets such specific time frame dowload in the following table:
2.Qnorway fixed asset depreciation fixed latest
There are 11 principles in the how to calculate depreciation of fixed assets you can refer to and dowload here:
In addition, when performing depreciation of fixed assetsbusinesses should note the following issues:
- Method of depreciation due to business self-regulation, time quotes apply as specified in the circular 45/2013/TT-BTC of the Ministry of Finance. Then notice with the tax authority before implementation.
- The types of fixed assets depreciation, was informed with the tax authority must be consistent throughout the trinhg use the property.
- If change the method of depreciation, businesses need to explain the reasons for the change in the way used to bring business efficiency to the business. Each property is only allowed to change the method of calculating a time. And there should be text, to inform the tax authorities.
- Business want to change the duration depreciation need to be text sent to the tax agency accountability-related issues such as life expectancy, technical by design, the current state of the fixed assets, the influence when the increase and decrease depreciation to the results of operations, business, the assets in the form of BOT, BCC to add the signed contract with the investor. Finally, business is only allowed to change the duration depreciation only once for a property.
3. Spreadsheet and allocated depreciation of fixed assets
| Unit: ..................... Department: .................. Number:............. | Model number 06 - fixed assets (Issued under circular no. 133/2016/TT-BTC dated 26/8/2016 of the Ministry of Finance) |
SPREADSHEET AND ALLOCATED DEPRECIATION OF FIXED ASSETS
Months..... year.....
| Number TT | Indicators | The rate of depreciation (%) or duration of use | Where to use Full DN | TK 154-production Costs unfinished business (TK 631 - Price SX) | TK 642 Costs business management | TK 241 CONSTRUCTION unfinished | TK 242 prepaid Expenses | TK 335 Cost to pay | ... | |||||
| Operation ...... | Operation ...... | Operation ...... | Operation ...... | |||||||||||
| Original price fixed assets | Some of the depreciation | |||||||||||||
| A | B | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ... | |
| 1 | I. some Of the depreciation deduction months ago | |||||||||||||
| 2 | II. Number KH fixed assets increase in January - | |||||||||||||
| 3 | III. Number KH fixed assets decrease in months - | |||||||||||||
| 4 | IV. Number KH extract this month (I + II - III) | |||||||||||||
| Public | x | |||||||||||||
Date.... months .... year....
| The table setting (Signature, name) | Chief accountant (Signature, name) |
Download the word File here:
3. How to calculate depreciation of fixed assets according to each specific method
Depending on the field of active business, that business will have the how to calculate depreciation of fixed assets different. However, currently there are 3 methods are applied as follows:
3.1 accounting for depreciation of fixed assets under the straight line method
The depreciation of fixed assets according to straight line method is a method of calculation according to the level of stability, every year, throughout the process of using fixed assets. And this method can be applied most to the business areas of the business.
In which how to calculate depreciation of fixed assets or how to calculate the wear and tear of fixed assets under the straight line method is divided into monthly and yearly as:
- The annual depreciation = Original price fixed assets/Duration depreciation
- The depreciation monthly = Rate of depreciation every year/12 months
For the case that the business buying fixed assets on use now in the months will apply the formula calculate the following:
Note is: the Number of days used in months = Total number of days of the month incurred (p/s) – the start Date using the + 1
3.2 How to calculate depreciation of fixed assets according to the declining balance adjustable
In the calculation of depreciation of fixed assets or calculation of the wear and tear of fixed assets according to the declining balance are adjusted often applied to businesses operating in the technology sector has changed and developed fast, efficient operation and must satisfy additional conditions:
- Fixed assets new and unused
- The equipment, machine mosv tools, work measurement experiments.
Calculator and formulas in every year:
- The depreciation year = residual value of fixed assets x the Rate of accelerated depreciation (%)
With the rate of accelerated depreciation is calculated = the Rate of depreciation of fixed assets under the straight line method x correction coefficient
In the last years when the level of depreciation of less than or equal to the depreciation of the average of the residual value of fixed assets, then, from these years the depreciation corresponding to the residual value of fixed assets will be equal to the residual value of fixed assets divided by the duration of use of fixed assets.
3.3 How to calculate depreciation of fixed assets according to the volume, the number of
To apply how to calculate depreciation of fixed assets or how to calculate depreciation of fixed assets according to the volume, the number of thìTSCĐ must satisfy 3 conditions:
- Directly related to the production activities.
- Need to determine the total number and volume of products created from the fixed assets that
- The actual capacity used, the average of the months of the year no less than 100% capacity plan.
Formula:
The depreciation monthly/year = the Number of products produced in the months/year x Rate depreciation average for unit product
In which, the depreciation of the average calculated for a unit of production = cost of fixed asset/Number according to capacity design
If case capacity, or original price fixed assets change, the Business must perform redefine the level of depreciation of fixed assets.
4. Where is the management solution and depreciation of tangible fixed assets best?
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- Friendly interface, easy for users to manipulate and use
- Safe security with system authorization by role, function
- The software is built based on the rules, norms or general regulations of the Ministry of Finance
- Minimal manipulation, the optimal process
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